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A great rabbi stands teaching in the marketplace. It happens that a husband finds proof that morning of his wife’s adultery, and a mob carries her to the marketplace to stone her to death. (There is a familiar version of this story, but a friend of mine, a speaker for the dead, has told me of two other rabbis that faced the same situation. Those are the ones I’m going to tell you.)

The rabbi walks forward and stands beside the woman. Out of respect for him the mob forbears, and waits with stones heavy in their hands. “Is there anyone here,” he says to them, “who has not desired another man’s wife, another woman’s husband?”

They murmur and say, “We all know the desire. But, Rabbi, none of us has acted on it.”

The rabbi says, “Then kneel down and give thanks that God made you strong.” He takes the woman by the hand and leads her out of the market. Just before he lets her go, he whispers to her, “Tell the lord magistrate who saved his mistress. Then he’ll know I am his loyal servant.”

So the woman lives because the community is too corrupt to protect itself from disorder.

Another rabbi, another city. He goes to her and stops the mob, as in the other story, and says, “Which of you is without sin? Let him cast the first stone.”

The people are abashed, and they forget their unity of purpose in the memory of their own individual sins. Someday, they think, I’ll be like this woman, and I’ll hope for forgiveness and another chance. I should treat her the way I wish to be treated.

As they open their hands and let the stones fall to the ground, the rabbi picks one of the fallen stones, lifts it high over the woman’s head, and throws it straight down with all his might. It crushes her skull and dashes her brains onto the cobblestones.

“Nor am I without sin,” he says to the people. “But if we allow only perfect people to enforce the law, the law will soon be dead, and our city with it.”

So the woman died because her community was too rigid to endure her deviance.

The famous version of this story is noteworthy because it is so startlingly rare in our experience. Most communities lurch between decay and rigor mortis, and when they veer too far, they die. Only one rabbi dared to expect such a perfect balance that we could preserve the law and still forgive deviation. So, of course, we killed him.

-- San Angelo, Letters to an Incipient Heretic, trans. Amai a Tudomundo Para Que Deus Vos Ame Cristao, 103:72:54:2

Hierarchy of Foreignness

  • Utlanning, or otherlander
    -someone of another city or country
    -Swedish word: utlînning [u:tlen:ing] utlînningen utlînningar (noun)
    -English translation: foreigner, alien
    -Compounds: utlînningslag -en—Aliens' Act
  • Framling
    -"human" but of another world. Someone substantially different than us
    -Swedish word: frîmling [fr'em:ling] frîmlingen frîmlingar (noun)
    -English translation: stranger, foreigner, alien
    -Compounds: frîmling(s)|skap -et—alien status, alienation
  • Raman
    -human but of differing species, someone so different
    in concept and idea as to be considered other
    -Swedish word: ram [ra:m] ramen ramar (noun)
    -English translation: frame / (figuratively "limits, bounds")
    -Examples: inom mñjligheternas ram—within the limits of possibility
    -Compounds: ram|avtal -et—skeleton (blanket) agreement
  • Varelse
    -alien, no "conversation" is possible, they might be intelligent,
    they may be self aware, but we wouldn't know it.
    -Swedish word: varelse [v'a:relse] varelsen varelser (noun)
    -English translation: being
    -Examples: levande varelse—living creature

Fact: Styrofoam boxes absorb flavor waves - that is why leftovers are never as good as when you have it in the restaurant - but they don't emit in the same flavors. Thus, Plancks' Law can be applied flawlessly to flavor absorption of styrofoam. They emit in sogginess or staleness and due to the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics (Law of Increasing Disorder) the universe will end as a stale soggy flavorless mess in the fridge.

The US Standard railroad gauge (distance between the rails) is 4 feet, 8.5 inches. That's an exceedingly odd number. Why was that gauge used?

Because that's the way they built them in England, and the US railroads were built by English expatriates.

Why did the English people build them like that? Because the first rail lines were built by the same people who built the pre-railroad tramways, and that's the gauge they used.

Why did "they" use that gauge then? Because the people who built the tramways used the same jigs and tools that they used for building wagons, which used that wheel spacing.

Okay! Why did the wagons use that odd wheel spacing? Well, if they tried to use any other spacing the wagons would break on some of the old, long distance roads, because that's the spacing of the old wheel ruts.

So who built these old rutted roads? The first long distance roads in Europe were built by Imperial Rome for the benefit of their legions. The roads have been used ever since. And the ruts? The initial ruts, which everyone else had to match for fear of destroying their wagons, were first made by Roman war chariots. Since the chariots were made for or by Imperial Rome they were all alike in the matter of wheel spacing.

Thus, we have the answer to the original questions. The United State standard railroad gauge of 4 feet, 8.5 inches derives from the original specification (Military Spec) for an Imperial Roman army war chariot. MilSpecs and bureaucracies live forever.

So, the next time you are handed a specification and wonder what horse's ass came up with it, you may be exactly right. Because the Imperial Roman chariots were made to be just wide enough to accommodate the back-ends of two war horses.

God lufode middan-eard swa þt he sealde his ancennendan sunu. þt nän ne forwurðe þe on hine gelyfð. ac hæbbe þt ece lïf;